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Total 30183 results found since Jan 2013.

Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies
Purpose of review The purpose is to recall some of the key immunological elements that are at the crossroad and need to be combined for developing a potent therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine. Recent findings Therapeutic vaccines and cytokines have been commonly used to enhance and/or recall preexisting HIV-1 specific cell-mediated immune responses aiming to suppress virus replication. While the vaccine is important to stimulate HIV-1 specific T-cell responses, the cytokine may support the expansion of the stimulated virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the current success of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy render the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell approaches to HIV cure
Purpose of review Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has enabled tremendous progress in suppressing HIV replication in infected patients. However, ART alone cannot eradicate HIV and its latent, persisting reservoirs. Novel approaches are needed to eradicate the virus or achieve functional cure in the absence of ART. Recent findings Adoptive T-cell therapies were initially tested in HIV-infected individuals with limited efficiency. Benefiting from new and improved methodologies, an increasing array of CAR T-cell therapies has been successfully developed in the cancer immunotherapy field, demonstrating promising n...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - August 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING LONG-TERM HIV REMISSION: Edited by Jean-Daniel Lelièvre and Timothy J. Henrich Source Type: research

Role of cytokine agonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors toward HIV remission
Purpose of review The current article describes the current status of the use of cytokines and immune-checkpoint inhibitors as therapeutic strategies toward HIV remission. Recent findings Clinical trials using IL-2 and IL-7 showed increased levels of circulating T cells, although no reduction to the viral reservoir was observed. Studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) demonstrated that experimental IL-15 administration increased proliferation and cytotoxicity of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells, and promoted their localization to the lymph node (LN) B cell follicles. Immune checkpoint modulators ta...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 1, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: T-CELLS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Mathias Lichterfeld and Tony Kelleher Source Type: research

Immunotherapies to Prevent Mother to Child Transmission of HIV.
Abstract Although pharmacological interventions have been successful in reducing prevention of maternal to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, there is concern that complete elimination through this mode of transmission will require other measures. Immunotherapies in infants or pregnant mothers may be able to eradicate this form of transmission. A recent vaccine trial in adults shows encouraging results, but as in most HIV safety and efficacy vaccine trials, the question of MTCT was not addressed. Concentrating transmission studies and vaccine studies in the setting of MTCT offers several advantages. MTCT has a gen...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hicar MD Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Humanized mouse models to study pathophysiology and treatment of HIV infection
Purpose of review Immunodeficient mice that lack all lymphocyte subsets and have phagocytic cells that are tolerant of human cells can be stably xenografted with human hematopoietic stem cell as well as other human tissues (fetal liver and thymus) creating ‘human immune system’ (HIS) mice. HIS mice develop all major human lymphocyte classes (B, T, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cell) and their specialized subsets as well as a variety of myeloid cells (dendritic cell, monocytes, and macrophages) thereby providing a small animal model in which to interrogate human immune responses to infection. Recent findings ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

Engineering antibody-based molecules for HIV treatment and cure
Purpose of review Immunotherapy strategies alternative to current antiretroviral therapies will need to address viral diversity while increasing the immune system's ability to efficiently target the latent virus reservoir. Antibody-based molecules can be designed based on broadly neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies that target free virions and infected cells. These multispecific molecules, either by IgG-like or non-IgG-like in structure, aim to target several independent HIV-1 epitopes and/or engage effector cells to eliminate the replicating virus and infected cells. This detailed review is intended to stimulat...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - August 28, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ANTIBODY STRATEGIES IN HIV PREVENTION AND CURE: Edited by Mattia Bonsignori and Marina Caskey Source Type: research

Early Research Suggests Merck Cancer Drug May Target Dormant HIV Early Research Suggests Merck Cancer Drug May Target Dormant HIV
Researchers studying Merck& Co Inc ' s cancer drug Keytruda for HIV patients who also have cancer say the immunotherapy may help displace the virus from human immune cells, offering an intriguing area of study for treatment of chronic HIV infection.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines - January 28, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS News Source Type: news

Monkeys May Lead the Way for Immunotherapy HIV Cure Monkeys May Lead the Way for Immunotherapy HIV Cure
Mindful of the pitfalls of previous monkey studies on HIV, the researchers designed the trial to make it difficult for the drug combination to show better results than might be realistic in humans.Medscape Medical News
Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines - July 21, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS News Source Type: news

Immunotherapeutic approaches to HIV cure and remission
Purpose of review Despite improvements in the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there are still unmet needs for people living with HIV which drive the search for a cure for HIV infection. The goal of this review is to discuss the challenges and recent immunotherapeutic advances towards developing a safe, effective and durable cure strategy for HIV. Recent findings In recent years, advances have been made in uncovering the mechanisms of persistence of latent HIV and in developing more accurate assays to measure the intact proviral reservoir. Broadly neutralising antibodies and modern techniques to en...
Source: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases - December 28, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV INFECTIONS AND AIDS: Edited by David Dockrell Source Type: research

IFI27 is a potential therapeutic target for HIV infection
CONCLUSION: The above results provided potential target genes for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV + patients. IFI27 may be associated with the progression of HIV infection and may be a powerful target for immunotherapy.PMID:35068272 | PMC:PMC8786244 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2021.1995624
Source: Topics in HIV Medicine - January 24, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Huijuan Huang Jiannan Lv Yonglun Huang Zhiyi Mo Haisheng Xu Yiyang Huang Linghui Yang Zhengqiu Wu Hongmian Li Yaqin Qin Source Type: research